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| From a carpet-weaving in Hamadan. Tabriz and Isfahan, as well as in many villages, even in the dark nomad tents and mud huts, are headed by women and girls, the cheapest labor, the famous Persian rugs made. For desert dwellers, and nomads are the ornaments of their colorful carpet a symbol of paradise, and a replacement for the garden with real flowers. |
Weaving is a
textile craft in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are
interlaced to form a fabric or cloth. The threads which run lengthways
are called the warp and the threads which run across from side to side
are the weft or filling.
Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. Weft is an old English word meaning "that which is woven". A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, including tablet weaving, back-strap, or other techniques without looms.
The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including tapestries. Fabric in which the warp and/or weft is tie-dyed before weaving is called ikat.
Though traditional handweaving and spinning remain popular crafts, nowadays the majority of commercial fabrics in the West are woven on computer-controlled Jacquard looms. In the past, simpler fabrics were woven on dobby looms, while the Jacquard harness adaptation was reserved for more complex patterns. Some believe the efficiency of the Jacquard loom, with its Jacquard weaving process, makes it more economical for mills to use them to weave all of their fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.
In general, weaving involves the interlacing of two sets of threads at right angles to each other: the warp and the weft (older woof). The warp threads are held taut and in parallel order, typically by means of a loom, though some forms of weaving may use other methods. The loom is warped (or dressed) with the warp threads passing through heddles on two or more harnesses. The warp threads are moved up or down by the harnesses creating a space called the shed. The weft thread is wound onto spools called bobbins. The bobbins are placed in a shuttle that carries the weft thread through the shed.
The raising and lowering sequence of warp threads in various sequences gives rise to many possible weave structures:
Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. Weft is an old English word meaning "that which is woven". A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, including tablet weaving, back-strap, or other techniques without looms.
The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including tapestries. Fabric in which the warp and/or weft is tie-dyed before weaving is called ikat.
Though traditional handweaving and spinning remain popular crafts, nowadays the majority of commercial fabrics in the West are woven on computer-controlled Jacquard looms. In the past, simpler fabrics were woven on dobby looms, while the Jacquard harness adaptation was reserved for more complex patterns. Some believe the efficiency of the Jacquard loom, with its Jacquard weaving process, makes it more economical for mills to use them to weave all of their fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.
In general, weaving involves the interlacing of two sets of threads at right angles to each other: the warp and the weft (older woof). The warp threads are held taut and in parallel order, typically by means of a loom, though some forms of weaving may use other methods. The loom is warped (or dressed) with the warp threads passing through heddles on two or more harnesses. The warp threads are moved up or down by the harnesses creating a space called the shed. The weft thread is wound onto spools called bobbins. The bobbins are placed in a shuttle that carries the weft thread through the shed.
The raising and lowering sequence of warp threads in various sequences gives rise to many possible weave structures:
- plain weave,
- twill weave,
- satin weave, and
- complex computer-generated interlacings
Both warp
and weft can be visible in the final product. By spacing the warp more
closely, it can completely cover the weft that binds it, giving a warp faced
textile such as rep weave. Conversely, if the warp is spread out, the
weft can slide down and completely cover the warp, giving a weft faced
textile, such as a tapestry or a Kilim rug. There are a variety of
loom styles for hand weaving and tapestry. In tapestry, the image is
created by placing various colors of weft only in certain warp areas,
rather than across the entire warp width. (Wikipedia)
- Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 – Weaving
- Resource collection
- Card Weaving
- Oriental rug weaving
- Irvine Weavers
- The Worshipful Company of Weavers
Weaving Lesson Plans:
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